ABSTRACT
The degree of antagonism exercised by fungi on geohelminth development varies according to the morphological alterations caused by different fungal species. Saprophytic fungi may exert ovicidal or ovistatic effects. The aim of this study was to apply scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the action of two soil saprophytic species of Chrysosporium (C. indicum and C. keratinophylum) on Toxocara canis eggs. The fungal strains to be tested were incubated for 28 days at 28 °C in 2% water agar with a suspension of unembryonated T. canis eggs. A suspension of T. canis eggs in 2% water agar was used as control group. The assay was done in triplicate for each fungus and the control group. SEM observations were performed on the 4th, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day after inoculation. The effect of the fungi on eggs was evaluated in accordance with the alterations observed on the surface and the changes in the normal characteristics of the eggs. Hyphae around the eggs, appresoria penetrating the shell and changes in the typical egg membrane were observed in this assay. Type 3 effect (alterations that occur both in the embryo and the shell, and hyphal penetration of the eggs) was the prevalent effect. SEM allowed us to observe clearly the morphological alterations in T. canis eggs due to the effect of C. indicum and C. keratinophylum. Both saprophytic species of Chrysosporium alter the egg structure and alterations increase as exposure increases.
El grado de antagonismo ejercido por los hongos sobre el desarrollo de los geohelmintos depende de la especie fúngica y las alteraciones morfológicas que causan. Los hongos saprofitos pueden tener efecto ovicida u ovistático sobre los huevos. El objetivo fue aplicar la microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) para observar la acción de 2 especies de Chrysosporium (C. indicum y C. keratinophylum) saprofitas de suelos, sobre huevos de Toxocara canis.Las especies a ensayar se sembraron en agar agua al 2% con una suspensión de huevos no embri-onados de T. canis y se incubaron 28 días a 28 °C. Como grupo control se utilizó una suspensión de huevos de T. canis en agar agua al 2%. El ensayo se realizó por triplicado para cada hongo y el grupo control. Las observaciones con MEB se realizaron a los 4, 7, 14, 21 y 28 días de incubación. La acción de los hongos se evaluó según las alteraciones en la superficie y los cambios en las características normales de los huevos. En este ensayo se observaron: hifas rodeando los huevos, appresorios penetrando la cubierta y cambios en la membrana característica del huevo, prevaleciendo el efecto tipo 3 (alteraciones que se producen tanto en el embrión como en la cubierta y penetración de hifas al interior de los huevos). La aplicación de la MEB permitió observar claramente que las 2 especies de Chrysosporium saprofitas de suelos, afectan el normal desarrollo de los huevos de T. canis, alteran su estructura y las alteraciones aumentan con el tiempo de exposición.
Subject(s)
Animals , Chrysosporium , Toxocara canis , Ovum , Soil , Soil Microbiology , Chrysosporium/pathogenicity , Toxocara canis/microbiology , FungiABSTRACT
A adiaspiromicose é uma doença fúngica sistêmica que acomete usualmente roedores e raramente atinge o homem. É causada pelo fungo Emmonsia crescens e ocorre após a inalação da forma contagiante (conídios). Embora estas formas não se multipliquem nem se disseminem no organismo humano, induzem uma reação inflamatória crônica granulomatosa de padrão miliar que pode levar a falência respiratória e morte. Apresentamos aqui um caso de adiaspiromicose pulmonar humana em paciente imunocompetente que exibia infiltrado intersticial pulmonar difuso ao exame de imagem e fora diagnosticado mediante biópsia pulmonar.
Adiaspiromycosis is a systemic fungal disease that usually affects rodents and rarely infects humans. It is caused by the fungus Emmonsia crescens and occurs after inhalation of its contagious form (conidia). Although these forms neither multiply nor spread in the human body, they cause a chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction of miliary pattern, which may lead to respiratory failure and death. In this study we present a case of human pulmonary adiaspiromycosis in an immunocompetent patient that showed a diffuse pulmonary interstitial infiltrate diagnosed by pulmonary biopsy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chrysosporium/pathogenicity , Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Fungal/pathology , Biopsy , Diagnostic Imaging , Spores, Fungal/pathogenicity , Lung Diseases, Fungal , TomographyABSTRACT
Relatam-se casos de adiaspiromicose pulmonar em homens brancos de 29 e 54 anos, lavradores, com sintomas "gripais" e achados radiológicos sugestivos de doença granulomatosa intersticial. Biópsias transbrônquicas e transtoracoscópicas foram realizadas. A funçäo pulmonar foi avaliada por espirometria. Um paciente usou cetoconazol. Enfatizam-se possibilidades de confusäo diagnóstica na adiaspiromicose pulmonar
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Chrysosporium , Granuloma/etiology , Lung Diseases, Fungal , Biopsy , Bronchoscopy , Chrysosporium/pathogenicity , Diagnosis, Differential , Ketoconazole/therapeutic use , Lung/pathology , Radiography, Thoracic , SpirometryABSTRACT
Some keratinophilic fungi were tested for pathogenicity in rabbits. It was observed after pathogenicity test that among ten isolates, only four species such as Microsporum nanum, Arthroderrna cuniculi, Trichophyton equinum, and Chrysosporium asperatum showed ineffective reaction to a certain extent and were found to be potentially pathogenic to rabbits
Subject(s)
Fungi/pathogenicity , Keratins , Microsporum/pathogenicity , Arthrodermataceae/pathogenicity , Trichophyton/pathogenicity , Chrysosporium/pathogenicityABSTRACT
Se halló 16 a 60 esporos fúngicos/litro aire y de 100 a 100.000 esporos de actinomicetos termófilos/g polvo del piso en los secaderos de tabaco. Los hongos eran Alternaria sp (21 por ciento), Aspergillus sp (15 por ciento), Asp. fumigatus (7 por ciento), Asp. glaucus (5,5 por ciento), Asp. nidulans (13,3 por ciento), Chaetomiun sp (2,3 por ciento), Chrysosporium spp (5,5 por ciento), Cladosporium sp (3,1 por ciento), Curvularia sp (0,8 por ciento), Dactylaria sp (3,1 por ciento), Nogrospora sp (5,5 por ciento), Penicillium spp (11,7 por ciento), Talaromyces sp (2,3 por ciento) y no identificado (3,9 por ciento). Los Thermoactinomyces eran Tha. thalpophilus (66,6 por ciento), Tha. sacchari (6,7 por ciento), Tha. vulgaris (6,7 por ciento) y otros Tha. spp (20 por ciento). También el humo de cigarrillos contenía esporos viables de Thermoactinomyces. El 7 ñ 3,3 por ciento de los trabajadores tenían anticuerpos anti-Tha. thalpophilus demostrados por doble inmunodifusión
Subject(s)
Humans , Allergens/classification , Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/immunology , Environmental Pollution/adverse effects , Environmental Pollutants , Fungi/isolation & purification , Industrial Zones , Soil Pollutants , Alternaria/isolation & purification , Alternaria/pathogenicity , Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/etiology , Aspergillus nidulans/isolation & purification , Aspergillus nidulans/pathogenicity , Chaetomium/isolation & purification , Chaetomium/pathogenicity , Chrysosporium/isolation & purification , Chrysosporium/pathogenicity , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Fungi/pathogenicity , Penicillinum/isolation & purification , Tobacco/immunologyABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam 4 casos de adiaspiromicose humana pulmonar difusa, diagnóstica in vivo. A apresentaçäo é justificada pela raridade de casos relatados a doença é um achado de necrópsia na forma de uma lesäo granulomatosa única - granuloma pulmonar adiaspiromicótico. A inalaçäo maciça leva à forma difusa - adiaspiromicose pulmonar granulomatosa disseminada -, que se apresenta como infiltrado intersticial (nodular ou retículo-nodular), difuso ou localizado, podendo determinar insuficiência respiratória. É questionável a disseminaçäo endógena